![]() ![]() ![]() 11, 12 Promulgating negative stereotypes and scripts about Black people has added to these barriers to attaining and sustaining their economic wealth, bodily autonomy, and liberal freedoms. 11, 12 To sustain white supremacy in the United States, laws ( e.g., Jim Crow Laws) and processes ( e.g., Redlining) were established to allocate resources in ways that increased wealth and opportunity to whites. Racism is a multifaceted system developed as a tool to classify groups of people based on physical attributes and characteristics such as skin color, serving to oppress Black people. 5–9 Despite the benefits of care during pregnancy and childbirth, racism serves as a barrier to Black women accessing and receiving quality care. 4 Care provided during pregnancy and childbirth can potentially reduce complications by aiding in the early detection and successful management of pre-existing or newly diagnosed comorbid medical conditions. 1–3 Additionally, infants born to Black women are two times more likely to be born premature (<37 weeks of gestation) compared with infants born to white women. Black women are three to four times more likely to experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth and die from these complications compared with white women. Inequities in adverse maternal and child health outcomes persist in the United States.
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